Identifikasi Sifat Pemulihan pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum spp.): Implikasinya terhadap Pemuliaan Varietas Tahan Begomovirus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33005/plumula.v13i2.257Keywords:
Bogomovirus, Disease resistance, Jasmonic acid, Recovery mechanism, Salicylic acidAbstract
Penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh virus Begomovirus merupakan ancaman serius bagi budidaya cabai (Capsicum spp.), menyebabkan kerugian hasil hingga 80%. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi mekanisme recovery pada genotipe cabai yang awalnya menunjukkan gejala parah tetapi mampu pulih seiring waktu. Sebanyak 19 genotipe cabai (C. annuum dan C. frutescens) diuji dengan inokulasi Begomovirus melalui vektor kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci). Pengamatan gejala dilakukan setiap 10 hari hingga 60 hari setelah inokulasi, dengan keparahan penyakit (KP) dihitung menggunakan skor gejala (1–5). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa genotipe G2 (C. frutescens 'Bonita') mengalami recovery, ditandai penurunan KP dari 4 (daun kuning, keriting, dan kerdil) pada hari ke-30 menjadi 2 (daun tanaman kuning keriting) pada hari ke-60. Genotipe G14 paling tahan (KP 5,19%), sedangkan G12 paling rentan (KP 88,15%). Mekanisme recovery diduga melibatkan aktivasi hormon asam salisilat (SA) dan asam jasmonat (JA), serta silencing RNA virus. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan baru untuk pengembangan varietas tahan Begomovirus melalui pendekatan pemuliaan berbasis recovery.
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